Study reveals that Cardiomyopathy mutation reduces heart's ability to vary pumping force.

Recently, the Researchers have found how a genetic mutation is associated to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) disrupts the heart's normal function. The study reveals that the mutation prevents the heart from increasing the amount of force it produces when it needs to pump additional blood around the body. 

Inherited genetic mutations can cause in the heart muscle which can abnormally thick and reduce the pumping of enough blood around the body. Studies have identified a mutation in the heart muscle protein troponin T that seem to pose a particularly high risk of sudden death in children and adults, despite it having only a mild thickening of the heart muscle wall. The mutation, known as F87L, alters a single amino acid in the central region of troponin.

Troponin complex component Troponin T which allows muscle fibers to contract in response to calcium released upon electrical stimulation. One of the significant features of cardiac muscle filaments is: they become more sensitive to calcium and hence contract more strongly, because they are stretched to longer lengths. Hence, when heart is filled with more blood, especially during carrying out physical activity, the muscle walls stretches and the heart contracts with high force to pump out extra blood. This phenomenon, which is known as the Frank-Starling mechanism is mainly due to Troponin action.

 A professor along with a graduate student carried out research and introduced an equivalent mutation in the cardiac troponin T gene of guinea pigs and analyzed how it can affects the guinea pigs cardiac muscle fibers ability to contract and produce force. They found that the mutation: F87L in troponin T destroys the length-dependent increase in calcium sensitivity. the same response to calcium was observed in short, unstretched muscle fibers expressing mutant troponin T showed just as longer, stretched fibers.

The data resulted demonstrate that the length-mediated increase in force is significantly decreased by this hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)-associated mutation, which suggested that the mutation may direct muscle length-mediated increase in force production in the heart.. The effect of the Frank-Starling mechanism may have severe consequences for any individual as it decreases the heart's ability to increase output when it needs to pump additional blood around the body.

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Association between Breastfeeding in reducing Hypertension risk

Women who breastfeed more children, and intended for the long period, are less likely to suffer from hypertension once they reach menopause. This is not true of obese women, however. Elevated blood pressure is the most prominent risk factor for disease and death. Proof from epidemiologic data has too revealed the advantageous effects of breastfeeding on the healthiness

of infants and their mothers. It has been reported that long-term breastfeeding is linked with reduced children's allergies, celiac disease, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. Though, the effects of breastfeeding on maternal health have been not much studied compared with the effects on the children.

Numerous studies reliably found that lacking breastfeeding or early discontinuation was related with increased risks of diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, metabolic disorder, coronary heart disease, and cardiovascular diseases. 

On the other hand few studies have recognized a clear relationship between breastfeeding and hypertension. The study population comprised 3,119 non-smoking postmenopausal women aged 50 years or older was taken under consideration. More children breastfed and the longer period of breastfeeding was associated with minor risk of hypertension in postmenopausal women, and level of obesity and insulin resistance directed the breastfeeding-hypertension correlation. In particular, the highest quintile of number of children breastfed (5 to 11) appeared a 51% lessen risk of hypertension compared by the lowest quintile (0 to 1). The highest quintile of the duration of breastfeeding (96 to 324 months) showed a 45% lower risk of hypertension. 

Even though a broad variety of chronic diseases are not linked with breastfeeding, a few common mechanisms have been anticipated to lie behind the relationships between breastfeeding and these diseases. First, maternal metabolism (e.g., fat accumulation and insulin resistance) may be "reorganize" by breastfeeding subsequent to pregnancy, which diminishes the risk of obesity-related diseases. Second, oxytocin discharge stimulated by breastfeeding may be related to the decreased risk of these diseases.

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